读书狂T提到的这位作者的《旁观者》，不晓得英文是啥。这本书分为管理团体，管理个人。团体就算了，这辈子就算了，直接跳过，就去看管理个人了。我怎么觉得一般呢，只有一个章节我觉得还不错。可能我还没有到达那个境界了，或者对美国人写得这种类别的书，真的有一点抗拒了。"18. Functioning communications:
4 fundamentals of communications: 1. Communication is perception; 2. Communication is expectation; 3. Communication makes demands; 4. Communication and information are different and indeed largely opposite - yet interdependent.
We perceive, as a rule, what we expect to perceive. We see largely what we expect to see, and we hear largely what we expect to hear. That the unepxected may be resented is not the important thing - though most of the work on communications in business and government thinks it is. What is truly important is tha the unexpected is usually not received at all. It is not seen or heard, but ignored. Or it is misunderstood, that is, mis-seen or mis-heard as the expected.
Before we can communicate, we must, therefore, know what the recipient expects to see and hear. Only then can we know whether communication can utilize his expectations - and what they are - or whether there is need for the "shock of alienation," for an "awakening" that breaks through the recipient's expectations and forces him to realize that the unexpected is happening.
Communication, in otherwords, always makes demands. it always demands that the recipient become somebody, do something, believe something. it always appeals to motivation. If, in other words, communicaton fits in with the asirations, the values, the purposes of the recipient, it is powerful. If it goes against his aspirations, his values, his motivations, it is likely not to be received at all or, at best, to be resisted.
Communication, in other words, may not be dependent on information. Indeed, the most perfect communications may be purely "shared experiences," without any logic whatever. Perception has primancy rather than information."
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