Learning How to Learn: Passion can Broaden, Change and Grow （2017/01/24）

在知乎的一个有关Coursera都有哪些课值得推荐的帖子上看到这个课程，大家的评价都非常高。立刻注册，一个周末上完。受益匪浅。
https://www.zhihu.com/question/22436320
https://www.zhihu.com/question/28388740

笔记如下：
Unit 1
- 人的学习有两种模式：focused 和 diffuse ，后者一般适用于creative problem solve
- 人的记忆有两种：long-term memory；immediate memory (working memory)，后者一般只有4 chucks
要有两个P，
passion and persistence

Unit 2
Chunks: larger picture of what you're learning. (A chunk means a network of neurons that are used to firming together, so that you can think a though or perform an action smoothly and effectively

PRACTICE AND REPETITION

How to make a Chunk: (pattern is mini Chunk)
1. focused attention
2. understand (if you yourself can solve the problem)
3. Practice (big picture by doing it yourself)
going to the context: top down (big picture) or bottom up

记住
- illusions of competence in learning
- the importance of recall
- mini test
- make mistakes
- be careful with the highlights and underlining （一段里最多一句话）
simple practicing and recalling to retrieve the knowledge
觉得自己掌握了知识，在重复的时候，去不同的地方和场所，-> independent of the cues.

插话说说人的脑子：
acetylcholine: focused learning
dopamine: motivation driven activity (signalling pathway)
serotonin molecule -> social life （老年痴呆症就是因为缺少这种脑细胞）
详细的细节可以看brainfacts.org

怎么来transfer chunks
两种方法：sequential和holistic intuition

deliberate practice: focus on something you think it is difficult
就光是这个刻意练习，就有一本很有名的书可以作为参考：
PEAK: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise
https://www.amazon.com/Peak-Secrets-New-Science-Expertise/dp/0544456238/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1485227035&sr=8-1&keywords=PEAK%3A+Secrets+from+the+New+Science+of+Expertise
Einstellung (mindset) - Your simple initial thought, an idea you already have in mind, or a neural pattern you've developed and strengthened, may prevent a better idea or solution from being found.

interleaving - building creativity and flexibility

Unit 3
procrastination: 25 minute concentration
DO NOT use willpower, as it will cause unhappy feeling
Chunking is related to habit, which is an energy saver for us. It allows us to free our mind for other types of activities.
从下面四点着手解决拖延的问题：(Harness the zombie)
1. The cue: location, time, how you feel, reactions
2. The routine: go to library? put the cellphone in the car?
3. The reward: substitute the previous rewards with the bigger ones
4. The belief: the confidence
处理感情，尤其是负面的, re-frame it, focus on the process, cause it will change the habit.

要把短期记忆转换为长期记忆，需要不断地重复 memory consolidation, reconsolidation,
index card, handwriting
hippocampus: important part of a brain system for learning and memory of facts and events

astrocyte: glial cell to repair memory

technique:
- practice & repeat (spacing out)
- visual memory system (memorable and repeat)

Unit 4 How to become a better learner
- physical activity
- practice makes perfect when you are ready.

learning using metaphor and analogy
imposter syndrome:ｆｒｅｕｅｎｔ ｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｓ ｏｆ ｉｎａｄｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ

teamwork: hard start - jump easy
Face your fears!
Bad worry vs. Good worry
Deep breathe


她采访的人物中有很多也提到有用的学习方法：
有关阅读的：
1. Skim before you read;
2. Improve your fluency to improve your speed
3.Know what you want before you read it. (What are you trying to get out of this reading) needs a mission objective
4. Deeper Processing tasks to improve retention
有关写作的
1. Use focused mode to edit, use diffuse mode to write. DO NOT edit while write.
2. 81/2 steps to write quick by Daphne Gray-Grant
3. mind-mapping to give inspiration, put the paper sideways to expand your ideas.
4. No outline. use writeordie.com
John Maguire: readablewriting.com
The secret to good writing, it's about object, not ideas.
writing style: the choice of what kind of words are you going to write with; what parameters you're going to control over
Use concrete words: things; active verbs; people (name); short words(sentences)
- Read closely people you admire
- Underlining words/sentences you like
- Pay attention to opening
- Sentence length
很重要的两点：What am I trying to say? Did I say it clearly?
What must I not leave out?
有关语言的：
Scott Young: MIT challenge, not setback by failure
Amy Allcon: - doing one day before; timer; write down; be a critical reader
www.advicegoddness.com
有关管理时间：
weekly list of key tasks;
daily "to-do" list
Plan your quitting time is also very important

- keep a planner journal
- commit yourself to certain routines and tasks each day
- delay rewards until you finish the task
- watch for procrastination cues
- gain trust in your new system
- have back plans for when you still procrastinate.
有关记忆：
- visualization : turn memory into a picture
- attach that image to some location (memory palate)
key words/a group of words

还有两点建议：being playful & childish; practice, active, social and diet
extremememorychallenge.com

Keith Devlin "Math Guy"
- What are you trying to do?
- What do you want to achieve?
- What information do you have?
NO MULTITASK
only use willpower to create the cue


Dr. Robert Bilder
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

掌握了学习方法，挑战自己去学一个自己以前想都不敢想的一个领域，对我来说，也是一个小小的进步吧。有了笔记是不够的，更为重要的是要实践。
Practice makes permanent.
下一步的学习计划是写作。在MIT open course 的网站上看到很多有关写作的课。和千兵分享了一下，就是找反馈有点困难。或者我可以问我闺女。